And tile laying machine



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DITGHING AND TILE LAYING MACHINE.

Patented Mar. 26, 1895.

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DITGHING AND TILE LAYING MACHINE.

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ODILON BALTZAR HANNIBAL HANNEBORG, or URSKOUG, NORWAY.

DITCHING AND TILE-LAYING MACHINE-.4

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters PatentNo. 536,340, dated March 26, 1895.

Application filed August 31, 1894. Serial No. 521,872- (No model.) Patented in Finland March 6,1894, No. 502; in Belgium April 16, 1894, No. 109,220; in Victoria. April 26, I894, him 11,800; in New Zealand May 2, 1894, No. 6,813: in West Australia May 9,189 4,110. 513; in Spain May 21,1894, No. 15,678,' in France May 30, 1894, No. 236,946; in NorwayJune 6,

1894, No. 3,591; in England June 16, 1894,1 3,757; in Austria July 13, 1894,110. 3,266; in New South Wales July 30, 1894, No. 5,002,- in Hungary August 22, 1894, No. 976, and in Canada September 26, 1894,11). 47,102.

To all whom it may concern,-

Be it known that I, ODILON BALTZAR HAN- NIBAL HANNEBORG, a subject of the King of Sweden and Norway, and a residentof Urskoug, Norway-have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ditching and Tile-Laying Machines, (for which I have obtained patents in Norway, dated June 6, 1894, No. 3,591; in Belgium, dated April 16, 1894, No. 109,220; in Spain, dated May 21, 1894, No. 15,678; in Finland, dated March 6, 1894, No. 502; in France, dated May 30, 1894, No. 236,946; in England, dated June 16,1894, No. 3,757; in Austria, dated July 13, 1894, No. 3,266; in Hungary, dated August 22, 1894, No. 976; in Canada, dated September.26,1894,No. 47,102; in Victoria, dated April 26, 1894, No. 11,300; in New South Wales, dated July 30, 1894, No. 5,002; in New Zealand, dated May 2, 1894, No. 6,813, and in West Australia, dated May 9, 1894, N0. 513,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the ditching and tile-laying machine for which I have previously made application for Letters Patent, said application being datedJannary 9, 1892, Serial No. 417,581.

In my former machine the earth dug up was raised by the cutter screw, and passed through shield-plates, up to'a certain height and then over a conducting belt which. carried itback to the trench again or onto the side of the same. Considerable power, however, was found necessary to effect this and the machine was not able to work in stony or stiff ground. In my present machine, however, the earth as soon as it is carried up to the surface by the cutter-screw is turned outward to the sides of the trench by spreading or mold boards like those of a plow arranged just at the back of the cutter-screw on the intermediate frame and, after the machinehas passed, the earth is again thrown into the trench by agatherer or collector at the back of the machine. This collector can be disconnected from the machine so as to avoid throwing the earth into the trench again in case the trench is required to be left open for controlling and-inspection.

chine I used a complicated gearing and coup-l ling clutch. The movement is therefore now more convenient and elastic in the different positions of the machine on rough ground; the reversing is more secure and there is no occasion to use different gear-wheels for the different soils in which the machine is to work.

The present steering mechanism allows of the machine being turned or its direction being altered in a much shorter time. The machine, as heretofore, is mounted on wheels which. roll on folding rails, the alteration in its direction or the turning of the machine being effected by the wheels on one side of the machine being caused to turn quicker than those on the other side. The raising and the lowering of the inner frame is also now effected by spur-wheels working in toothed racks; but the power is transmitted to the worm wheels by chain and sprocket wheels instead of by bevel-wheels and a vertical shaft mainlyin order to prevent noise and simplify the construction of the machine.

' The tilting mechanism and the leveling I mechanism therewith combined are made more complete so that the machine can work upon more hilly and uneven ground and the cutter-screw always be kept perpendicular against the trench-bottom.

The balancing mechanism which in my former machine servedwhen working-onrough ground, to automatically keep the inner and intermediate frames always vertical, is in my new machine placed higher up, in order that the earth dug up which now falls out to the sides shall pass underneath.

The gearing and the like of my new ma chine are as will be hereinafter seen quite different from those of my former machine and it is driven by rope gear from a portable steam engine situated in the locality.

In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will'describe how it canbe carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a ditching and tile-laying machine embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a sectional detail of the tilting mechanism. Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the folding-rails. Fig. 4: is a plan of the machine. Fig. 5is arear end elevation of the same. Fig. 6 is a sectional side eleva tion of the machine, the section being taken on the line w-ac, Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is asectional detail of the raising mechanism. Fig. 8 is a plan of the hindmost part of the outer frame showing the mechanism for effecting the forward movement, the steering and the automatic balancing. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the same partly in section looking from the rear of the machine. Fig. 10 is an elevation of a detail of the balancing mechanism. Fig. 11 is an elevation partly in section of a detail of the'paper feeding mechanism looking from the side of the machine. Fig. 12 is an end view of the said mechanism looking from the rear of the machine; and Fig. 13 is an end view of the same looking from the front of the machine. Fig. 14: is a section of the gearing for the balancing mechanism. Fig. 15 is a sectional elevation of the same, the section being taken on the line y-'y, Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is an elevation of part of the forward movement and steering mechanism. Fig 17. is a sectional plan view of the starting and reversing mechanism. Fig. 18 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 19 illustrates sectional details of the same. Fig. 20 is a side view of a controlling apparatus hereinafter described. Fig. 21 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 22 is a plan of the arrangement for guiding the rope. Fig. 23 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 24 is a side elevation of the intermediate frame with the spreading or mold boards. Fig. 25 is a plan; and Fig. 26 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 27 is a plan view representing the machine at work in a field. Fig. 28 is a detail showing the connection of wheels on with sprocket wheels m As in my former arrangement the present machine also comprises three main frames A B O placed inside one another, the outside frame A being mounted on wheels D D D which roll on folding rails. These latter are, however, now of a somewhat different shape and are more particularly hereinafter described with reference to Fig. 3. To the inner frame 0 is fixed the actual ditching apparatus or cutter-screw E. The pitch of this screw, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6, increases from below upward in order that the earth during the ditching shall not become pressed into a compact mass and to prevent large stones from becoming fixed or jammed during work.

I would remark that no claim is made in this specification to the construction of the cutter-screw with a thread of increasing pitch as it forms the subject of a separate application for Letters Patent of even date here-- with.

, The thread of the screw is formed with a sharp edge in order that it shall readily cut into the soil as itis revolved. It is supported 1 below on a steel-pivot a, which is hollow in order that the oil from the oil cup I) may enter through the shoes 0, supporting the pivot and always keep the foot-bearing oiled. The shoe 0 is also shaped like a plow at a and has beveled or inclined sides, as shown in cross section in Fig. 5 which form the bottom of the trench into a beveled or V shaped bed for the tiles. The screw-shaft a is made in two parts coupled together by a sleeve 0. in order to enable the cutter-screw E to be taken out to be sharpened.

The screw derives its motion from the driving pulley F which is keyed to the shaft F (Figs. 4 and 6). On this shaft 1s placed a common clutch couplingf actuated by a leverf turning on a pin f on the frame by means of which lever and coupling a driver on the seat G can place the bevel-wheel f in or out of motion on the shaft f. This bevelwheel f gears with the other bevel-wheel f keyed to the shaft a and bearing on antifriction rollers f which run in a groove 1D. the bearings 01. fixed to the frame 0. These friction-rollers serve to take up the downwardly acting pressure caused by the screw and thereby diminish the friction 1n the top bearing. The earth is thus raised to a certain height to the surface of the ground where it is spread out on both sides of the trench by mold boards like those of a plow arranged on each side of the cutter-screw on the intermediate frame B (Figs. 24, 25 and 26) and consisting of two curved plates n n fixed by angleirons 'n' n to the frame B and diverging backward so that as fast as the earth is brought up by the screw it is spread out on both sides of the trench.

The apparatus for laying the tiles in the trench or drain formed by the cutter-screw 1s placed behind the latter as shown at Fig. 6. A workman seated on the seat l-I feeds the tiles one after the other into the channel 71. through which they pass down to the bottom of the trench, where they are laid exactly in line in the bed formed by the plow a as the machine advances.

71. is a guide of V-shape in cross section and curved like the channel 72.. It is adapted to be moved up and down, that is to say, away from and toward the passage 72. by means of a rod and bell-crank arrangement h 71. h and a lever it operated by the workman on the seat H in order to guide the tiles and allow of the passage of tiles of unequal size.

77, is a V-shaped smoother, which smooths the bed for the tiles, so that they may be even and exactly in line end to end.

The guide-passage h is fixed to the shieldplates 7L8, h (Figs. 1, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 13) extending down from the inner frames 0 and serving to prevent theearth from thesides of the trench falling down into the ditched drain before the tiles are laid down. i

In order that earth shall not fall down between the ends of the tiles after they have been laid they are covered on the top directly they have left the guide-passage h with a strip of prepared paper which is fed down from the machine by mechanism which I will now describe by reference toFigs. 6, 11, 12 and 13.

t' is a roller on which a strip of paper 11' is wound. As the machine is moved forward this paper strip is fed down over the tiles between a plate i and a belt 4 which runs over the rollers 2' and t the roller 2' receiving its motion from the ratchet wheel arrangement i i i The paper strip is fed out through the mouth 2' and can at any time be cut off with a knife 2' which is pushed down by a rod and lever arrangement 2', 2' t, 1

The device shown at 41 on the left of the knife is for the purpose of guiding it in its vertical movement, and spring-pressed paper holders 2' are provided to hold the paper while it is being cut.

2' is a screw-thread ed spindle connected by a lever 2' to the plate i which by this means can be pressed inward by the workman on the seat H so as to tighten the belt 41 when it becomes slack.

The paper feeding device is mounted between .two plates 71 fastened to the top of .the plates h on frame 0 by means of angle irons 2' In order to hold these plates 11 at proper distances from each other two angle irons W are riveted to the plates i which angleirons are connected with each other by flat bars or irons 1' Motion to the before described ratchetwheel arrangementt ,1",2' is transmitted from the shaft 71: by the following mechanism. This shaft which is moved continuously and always in the same direction independently of the other movements of the machine has keyed thereon an eccentric which by means of the rod k is connected with the arm is, which turns loosely on the pivot 70". shown in Fig. 1'2, on its free end a crank whichpushes against the bell-crank I0 I0 moving loose on the pivot 11: and under the control of a counteracting spring k The movement through the rod 10 1s by this means transmitted to the before named ratchet-wheel'arrangement i i '6 In order to regulate the speed of the paper strip I use an arm is turning on the pivot k The adjustment of this arm by the screwthreaded spindle 70 connected with the same causes a longer or shorter thrust of th bellcrank it.

In order to entirely stop the feeding of the paper-strip for example when the advancing of the machine is stopped or the machine is moving backward the bell-crank k k is turned in the direction of the dotted line so as to bring the arm 75 out of reach of the arm k thereby stopping the movement of the arm This arm It has, as"

i This'i s performed by the rod 10 connected to the bell-crank k and arm is, the latter being keyed to the shaft 70 operated by the arm Z0 nut It" and screw k from the handwheels 10 ,10 (Fig. 6) at the same moment that the forward movement of the machine is thereby stopped in the manner hereinafter described.

The tiles having been laid down and covered with prepared paper the next operation is to fill the trench again with the earth before thrown up. This-is effected by a collecting or gathering apparatus placed behind the machine and consisting, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, of a frame L mounted on the wheels Z and connected with the frame A by the rods Z turning on pins Z and L By removing the pin Z the wholecollecting apparatus can be easily detached from the machine. To the frame L are fixed with bolts and L-iron, such as are shown in Fig. 4, the actual collectors consisting of two converging curved plates L, L so that the earth, heaped up on the sides of the trench by the hereinbefore described spreader is now turn ed down into the trench again. Tocause this collecting apparatus to always keep close to the surface of the ground, notwithstanding the different positions of the machine, Ipivot on the arm Z a loosepinion Z which gears with a toothed segment i fixed to the frame A and with a like toothed segment 1 fixed to the frame L so that when the segment Z and the pivot Z move with the frame A in an upward direction for example, the pinion Z will force the other segment Z on the frame L downward just to the same extent so that the collecting apparatus always runs parallel with the ground.

As before stated the machine comprises three frames A B O placed inside one another.

The frame A as shown in Fig. 1 is mounted direct on the wheel D with the shaft of which it oscillates in bearings d, Figs. 1 and 4, so that the frame A and the whole machine can tilt forward and backward. The wheels D D are, however, mounted in bearings 01 d on a beam 67/, which also has an intermediate bearing d for the shaft of the wheel D so that the beam is allowed to oscillate on this shaft. The beam d is placed between the spokes of the wheels D D D these wheels being really double wheels with their tires and spokes (Z d arranged on each side of the bearings. (See Fig. 9.) On these wheels D" D D run the folding rails D arranged in the manner shown in Figs. 3 and consisting of the pairs of so-called link shoes 1), each which catch into one another, the link shoes beingjointed together by means of pins of, so that, during the movement of the machine, they may curve round the periphery of the wheels D D D and prevent them from being buried in the ground. The hooks v and o prevent the link shoes from curving in the ICC of which is provided with hooks t2 and o .opposite direction to the periphery of the wheels so that they will form a straight and stiff rail, on which the wheels can run during the movement. These shoes are shown in longitudinal section in Fig. 3 and in trans verse section on the lower left hand corner of Fig. 9.

The frames A, B and C have each their own movements or oscillations dependent upon as well as indepcndentof each other. The frame A can be caused to tilt on the journals cl and transfer this tilting to the Whole machine by a tilting mechanism operated by hand in order, during the working of the machine, always to keep the cutter-screw E against the bottom of the trench.

The frame Bis independent of the outer frameA and by an automatic balancing mechanism is always kept vertical in order that the walls of the trench shall be perpendicular.

The frame has an up-and-down movement independent of the other frames given to it by a raising mechanism in order to make the bottom of the trench level notwithstanding the irregularities of the ground.

The tilting of the frame A is eifected by a tilting mechanism represented at Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 6. The worm b on the frame A operated by the hand-wheel b is in gear with the wormwheel 19 the shaft 12 of which carries a pinion gearing with the toothed-wheel I). Between the spokes of this wheel are two loose bevel pinions b (2 which on one side are in gear with a bevel wheel 12 keyed on the shaft b, while on their other side they are in gear with another bevel-wheel b mounted loose on the shaft b but formed in one piece with the pinion b (Fig. 2). At the other side of the machine (as shown in Fig. 4) a pinion Z9 just like the pinion Z1 is fixed on the shaft b and these two pinions b, b each gear with a toothed segment 11 turning on shafts b, b, to each of which two arms I2 12 are keyed. These arms act on connecting rods b b pivoted on the axle d of the wheel D In order to always keep the cutter-screw E against the bottom of the trench, when, for example, the machine is passing over a small hillock, the workman can by turning the hand-wheel b actuate the screw b and the wheels b b b, b and Z2 so as to cause the toothed segments b, b to oscillate and through the arms 11 and rods 1) thereby cause the frame A together with the machine to tilt either forward or backward so as to always maintain the machine in a horizontal position while the beam d with the wheels D, D D and the rails D, follow the incline of the hillock.

When one of the wheels of the machine goes over a hillock the corresponding wheel on the other side of the machine is lowered to alike degree so that the machine at all times approximately follows all the elevations of the ground. This is caused automatically by the wheels b b 29 b which are in connection with the tilting mechanism. When for example one of the wheels D is passing over a slight elevation it will, through the medium of the rods b and the arms b, cause the segment b to oscillate. This motion is transmitted through the wheel b which is loose on the shaft and the bevel wheel 12 to the bevel pinions 11 12 having their bearings in the wheel 6 and the said wheels b will transmit the motion to the bevel wheel I) keyed on the shaft b which latter through the pinion Z2 will force the other toothed segment 0 downward and through the arms 19 and rods 1) also force the other wheel D downward. In order always to keep the frame B vertical as before stated so that the walls of the trench shall be vertical notwithstanding the unevenness of the ground,I employ an automatic balancing mechanism shown in Figs. 4., 5, s, 9, 1o, 14., 15, 24. and 26.

From the main driving wheels F F Figs. 1, 4, 5 and 6, the power is transmitted as hereinafter described underneath to the wheel 6 (Figs. 8 and 9) and also through the shaft e to the bevel wheel e gearing with a bevel wheel a which actuates the shaft 6 and the bevel wheel a keyed to the same. This wheel e gears with the wheels e and a turning loose on the shaft e and formed inside like cupshaped-friction-wheels with which a correspondingly shaped friction clutch e connected with the shaft 6 provided with a spline or feather can be brought into engagement.

On the shaft 6 are placed the worms e e which gear with the worm-wheels e e on the shafts e, a carrying the wheels e, e, e e, gearing with the toothed segments e e e e secured to the frame 13 (Figs. 24, 25 and 26) and which accordingly will occasion an oscillation on the frame B as the wheels e move in one or the other direction. The frame B is also supported by the rollers e", e", e", e", which during the last named movement roll in corresponding curved guides e 6 e, e on the frame A, the said guides being arcs of a circle struck from an imaginary center X on a line representing the surface of the ground and identical with the centers of the segments e, e. The pointX is the theoretical center or axis about which the frame B oscillates during the balancing movement. This movement is automatically transmitted to the frame B in order to always keep the latter in a vertical position by the clutch c (Fig. 9) being at the proper time engaged with the wheel 6 or e This is effected by the following mechanism: A weight 6 Figs.

9 and 10, is carried by an arm e oscillating on the pivot 12 secured to the arm a oscillating on the pivot 6 secured by the angle pieces e to the frame A. The arm a is guided by its upper end embracing and moving over the curved plate 6 secured to the frame A and as soon as the frame B gets out of plumb the arm e also gets out of plumb, through the rod 6 and the arm a which is keyed to the shaft (2 pivotally carried in the bearings e on the frame A. The shaft a has keyed on its other end another arm e which on its free end has a roller e moving in aguide forming a part of the frame B (Fig. 8) so that it follows the oscillations of the frame B to one or the other side. As soon as now the arm 6 has been acted on from the frame B in such a way as to come out of plumb to one or the other side the weight e is correspondingly swung to one side or the other, as it always tendsnaturally to hang vertical. It thereby causes a displacement of the rod e to one or the other side. The rod 6" is pivotally fastened to the lower part of the weight and is provided with two stop claws or hooks 6 e (see Figs. 14 and which catch over the flanges of the two wheels 6 e toothed on their inner peripheries. These wheels e, e run loose on the shaft g which derives its motion through the wheels g and g and the sleeve 6 fixed to the wheel e (Figs. 8 and 9.) e and e (Fig. 14) are two bevel wheels'running loose on the shaft 9 and each provided with a pair of small pinions a e turning loose on their pivots 6 The pinions e e e 6' gear with the wheels 6, e and with the pinions 6 and e keyed to the shaft g. It will now be understood that when the rod 6 is for example pushed toward the right hand side it will stop the wheele whereas if it is pushed toward the left hand side it will stop the wheel e In theformer case the pinions 6 e will by the fixed pinione. be caused to roll inside the wheel a and thereby cause the loose bevel wheel a to rotate. This wheel e communicates motion to the bevel-wheel e which through the shaft 6 transmits the movement to the spur-pinion e and wheel 6 (Figs. 8 and 9). This wheel e through the medium of a shaft a, crank e and rod 6 brings the before mentioned friction clutch e in engagementwith the bevel wheel 6 (Fig.

9). In the latter case-that is to say, if the rod 6 be pushed towards the left hand side, the rod e will be caused through the wheel e and the gearing connected therewith to bring the clutch e into engagement with the wheel a the frame B being in this manner caused to oscillate until it comes into a vertical position when the rod 6 with the claws e is immediately disengaged from both wheels 6 and e by the weight. 6 which then hangs parallel with the frame B. The transmission of the motion ceases, and at the same time'a rod e (Fig.8) connected with the wheel e and I as hereinbefore stated communicates motion through the shaft e '(Fig. 9) and wheels 6 e acted on by a spring pressed plate 6 will turn the wheel 6 and move the rod 42 to such an extent that the clutch e is brought out of engagement with both of the wheels 6 and e and the frame B will remain still until another unevenness of the ground causes a similar movement of the machine to one or the other side, so that the frame B is always and immediately brought back plumb. The weight 6 (Fig. 9) on the upper end of the arm 6 which turns on the pivot e" on the frame A and which has its lower end connected with the rod e serves only to counterbalance the movement of the rod e which on account of its own weight would otherwise take place during the different sloping positions of the frame A.

The mechanism for efiecting the forward movement of the machine is illustrated in Figs.'1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 16,17 and 18. On the shaft F" (Fi-g. 4) which derives its motion from the .main driving wheel F is keyed the double cone m (Fig. 17). On the same shaft I place a frame m movable along the same. m m are two spur wheels running loose on the shaft and furnished with two cup-shaped j friction wheels passing respectively over the itwo parts of the double cone m, as will be I seen by reference to Fig. 17 of the drawings. The rods m m passing through the double Q cone m serve to connect and keep the wheels f'm and m at a-suitable distance from each other. Bym-eans of the hand-wheel 10 (Figs. land 11) and the not It" on its screw-threaded shaft an arm 10 can be turned up and down so as to transmit a rotating" movement to the shaft 10 keyed on the arm. The shaft has on its other end a similar arm 10 which is in connection with the: sleeve 10 on the frame m by means of shaft m see Fig. 17 and thereby causes a displacement of the latter on the shaft F (Figs. 17, 18 and 19). By this means the wheels m m can alternately be caused to engage with the two parts of the double cone m and motion is transmitted therefrom either through the wheels m m and m to the shaft main which case the machine moves forward or through the wheels m m and m to the shaft m in which case the machine moves backward. In the second case it will be understood that the machine 'moves more speedily so as to save time the machine having then no resistance to overcome. From the shaft in through the sprocket wheel m keyed to the same, the motion is transmitted through the chain m to the double sprocket wheel 'm and from this through the chain M to the wheel e (Figs.

' 5, 8, and 9). The wheel m (Fig. 5) is pivoted toa pin which turns in and connects the ends of the two arms or rods 17. and n, the other ends of which arms also turn in and are connected with the pivots of the wheels m and a respectively in order that the movement shall be transmitted from the wheels m to [e' notwithstanding the different movements and positions of the frames. The wheel 6' straight line forward or backward the wheels on, m" are kept fast or motionless by'the pinions m "m (Fig. 8) and it will be understood that the four small pinions will be caused to roll inside the wheels m thereby putting the sprocket wheels m 011, in motion, which motion is transmitted through the chains m, 711, to the sprocket wheels 121, on the large wheels D (Fig. 1). If the machine is, however, during its forward movement to be turned to the right or the left hand, one of the wheels D must be caused to turn quicker or slower than the other wheel D. This it will be understood is effected by causing the wheels m m which during the straight forward movement are kept fast or motionless to rotate in contrary directions to each other, by which the wheels m", m" will also rotate and the small pinions m inside the same will then be caused to roll more quickly in one of the wheels m" than in the other, and a quicker movement will thereby be transmitted to one of the sprocket wheels 772 than to the other, which movement is finally transmitted to the wheels D, D and will result in the turning of the machine in one or the other direction. This movement can be effected ac cording to requirement by the driver seated on the inner frame C by the following m echanism.

Through the hand-lever o, operated by the driver, rod bell-crank o rod 0 bell-crank 0, rod 0 bell-crank 0 and rod 0", (Figs. 4., 5 and 9) the lever o pivoted to the frame A at 0 can cause the sleeve 0 which is furnished with the leather bevel friction wheels 0 0 and which by means of a feather is movable longitudinally on the shaft g to move into engagement with the bevel friction Wheel 0 on one or the other side, whereby the said wheel 0 is caused to rotate either to the right or left hand. Through the shaft 0 the pinion on the same 0 and the spur-wheel 0 (Figs. 8 and 0) the shaft 0 carrying the worm 0 is put in motion, which motion is transmitted by the worm-wheel 0 on the shaft 0 to the bevel-wheel 0 gearing with the bevelwheels 0 o keyed one on each end of the parts 0 0 of a shaft, which parts on their other ends carry the before named pinions m m When the hand-lever o and consequently the sleeve 0 are in their middle positions no motion will be transmitted, the pinions m m will be motionless and the machine as before described will move straight forward. If, however, the sleeve 0 by the driver operating the hand-lever '0 be pushed to one side or the other the motion will be transmitted to the bevel-wheels 0 o and will force these to rotate either to the right or left hand butalways at the same time in opposite directions to each other. Motion is thereby communicated in opposite directions to the pinions m m and the turning of the whole machine effected as before described in one or the other direction.

The raising and lowering mechanism hereinbeforereferred to for the inner frame 0 is illustrated in Figs. 1, 4, 6 and 7.

On the shaft F is keyed a sprocket wheel 19 (Fig. 6) which by means of a chain p 'running over a tension wheel 19 serves to actuate the sprocket wheel p which by means of the shaft 7c gives motion to the bevel-wheel 19 (Fig. 4.) which gears with the bevel-wheels ,19 running loose on the shaft 9 The shaft p has on one of its ends a right hand worm p and on its other end a left hand worm 19 (Fig. 6) which respectively gear with the worm-wheels p 19 keyed on the shafts p, p which together with the whole of the last described mechanism is placed on the inner frame C. Each of these shafts p, 29 carries on its ends two small pinions 19 ,19 which gear with the toothed racks p p p 19 on the intermediate frame B (Figs. 4, 6 and 24). The loose running wheels 10 and p can by a mechanism illustrated in Fig. 7 cause the shaft 19 to move in one or the other direction and it will be now understood from the following description that the pinions 1) will cause the inner frame 0 to move up or down in the toothed racks p of the intermediate frame B. The driver on the uppermost seat G can by means of the handle 19 (Fig. 6) move the arm 19 and rod 19 up or down. This rod is at its lower end connected to the bell-crank 19" (Fig. 7) turning on the pivot 19 the upper arm of which bell-crank works in a groove in the friction clutch 19 connected and longitudinally movable by means of a spline on the shaft 19 It will now be understood that when the upper driver places the friction clutch p in engagement either with the wheel 19 or the wheel 29 a movement of the shaft 19 in one or the other direction will take place and thereby, as before stated, the frame 0 will be raised or lowered.

As before stated the driving Wheels F and F and through these the various mechanical parts of the whole machine derive their motion by rope transmission from a portable steam engine or other motor stationed in the field. In order to cause this often rather long driving rope to run straight over the wheels or pulleys F and F and to prevent the rope from slipping off during the movementI employ an arrangement represented at Figs. 22 and 23 and placed on the inner frame 0. q is a stand or frame mounted on the top of the frame 0. This stand serves also as a railing for the upper driver. At each end of this stand is placed a shaft 'rin bearings r,r and this shaft carries a frame 9' adapted to turn vertically and having at its end three guidepulleys r r W. The driving rope 3 runs in between the pulleys r, r and below 7' at each end of the frame q as will be well understood by reference to Figs. 22 and 23, whereby the rope is effectually prevented from coming off the pulleys, the arrangement of guide-pulleys at the same time following it in its vertical swinging.

In Figs. and 21 I have shown a controlling apparatus for indicating the different relative positions of the machine to the horizontal plane, longitudinally as well as transversely. t is a foot-plate fastened to the in ner frame 0 and provided with a sleeve 15' which forms a bearing for the shaft t and with an arc-shaped graduated scale i On the shaft 23 is fixed a piece 6 carryinga graduated scale 15 and a hand or pointer 11. Suspended from a pivot t in this piece 25 is a weight i and the said pivot also carries a hand If". The weight i always hangs plumb and during the different positions longitudinally as well as transversely of the frame 0 to the theoretical horizontal plane the hands i and 25 will indicate the extent of oscillation on their respective scales.

Fig. 27 is a diagrammatic plan view illustrating the manner in which the machine works in a field. M is the ditching and tilelaying machine which is driven from the steam engine N by the before described driving rope s, s passing over the wheels F, F The rope s, 3 passes from the steam engine N over the machine M to a carriage O furnished with rope pulleys and back again. In order, for example, as shown in the drawings, to allow of cutting trenches Q Q Q of different lengths such as would be required, for in-- stance, in a tongue of land I use a portable stand I fitted with rope-pulleys, by moving which, together with the steam engine N, the effective length R, R of the rope can be varied as will be understood from the drawings.

If the distance from R to R is very long, I can use one or more supports S fitted with pulleys for sustaining the rope 8.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what-I claim is- 1. In a ditching and tile-laying machine the collector (L, L L) with the toothed segments (Z Z and intermediately placed pinion, connected in such a manner with the frame (A) of the machine that it always follows the irregularities of the ground independent of the main portion of the machine, substantially as set forth.

2. In a ditching and tile-laying machine comprising three main frames (A, B and C) and in which the inner frame (0) carries the cutter-screw (E) and the outer frame (A) carries the wheels (D', D D and the folding rails (v, 1;, c c and (0 substantially as set forth. 4

3. In a ditching and tilelaying'machine, the main frame, a rocking frame thereon, and a vertically adjustable frame on said rocking frame, a cutter screw carried thereby, and a tilelaying mechanism also supported from the vertically adjustable frame, substantially as described.

4. In a ditching and tile laying machine, mechanism for digging theditch, mechanism for laying the tiles, and a paper feeding mechanism for covering the tiles consisting of a support for the paper, an endless feeding belt for moving the paper, and mechanism for operating the feed, substantially as described.

5. In combination with an endless feeding belt, a guide board 41 between which and the belt the paper passes, and means for adj usting the guide board, substantially as described.

6. In a ditching and tile-laying machine the mechanism for effecting the forward movement of the machine, such movement being transmitted from the inner frame (0) to the outer frame (A) by chains and sprocket wheels (m m m, m, Z), supported by pivoted rods (11, ri in order that the movement may be transmitted in a steady and yielding manner notwithstanding the varying positionsof the frames relatively to one another, substantially as hereinbefore described.

7. In a ditching and tile laying machine, a

main frame A, a rockingframe B, and a vertically adjustable frame 0, on the frame B, a cutter screw carried by the frame 0, a balancing mechanism for the frame B, and a tilting mechanism for the frame A, substantially as described.

8. In aditching and tile laying machine, the combination with the inner frame, of an indicator secured thereto and comprising a dial plate arranged in a vertical plane, an indicator or pointer pivoted on a horizontal pivot and havinga curved upper end provided with graduations, and a second pointer pivoted at right angles to the first, the said second pointer being weighted, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two witnesses, this 14th day of July, 1893.

ODILON BAL'IZAR HANNIBAL HANNEBORG.

Witnesses:

RICHARD EMANUEL WOKKE. AXEL GOTFRED GRoNN LAHN. 

